Topic Pillar

Multi-Agent Systems.Supervisors, handoffs, swarms — and when each one breaks.

One agent works. Two agents talk. Five agents argue forever unless the orchestration is right. Multi-agent systems are not "more agents" — they are an architecture decision about who decides what, when, and with what budget. The orchestration pattern matters more than the model choice.

49 cluster pages· 11 posts· 4 notes· 34 updates

Supervisor vs handoffs

Supervisor pattern: one orchestrator delegates to specialists and integrates their answers. Clean on paper, slow in production when the supervisor becomes a bottleneck. Handoffs: agents pass the baton with the current context. Messier in code, recovers better when one agent loses the plot. Most teams that start with supervisor end up on handoffs for the recovery story.

When to reach for a swarm

Swarms shine when sub-goals are genuinely parallelisable and the work is exploratory — research, broad search, multi-source synthesis. Skip swarms for sequential workflows; the coordination overhead destroys the parallel-win on anything that has to happen in order.

Parallel sub-agent execution in practice

Modern agent runtimes can fan out to sub-agents for independent reads, then serialise on the write turn. This cuts a 20-minute refactor to under 4. The orchestration pattern matches the supervisor / swarm split — supervisor for the plan, swarm for the read phase, supervisor again for the write.

11 blog posts

Deep dives on Multi-Agent Systems

Multi-Agent

Cursor's agent swarm economics: why frontier planners and cheap workers beat solo GPT bills

Cursor's July 2026 swarm write-up rebuilt SQLite in Rust from the docs and measured planner vs worker spend. Frontier-only GPT-5.5 hit about $10.5k; Opus 4.8 planning with Composer 2.5 workers landed near $1.3k at similar quality. Here is how I translate that into routing rules for production graphs.

Jul 29, 202615 min
Read the post
Architecture

Graph engineering with Claude Code: the 14-step roadmap I use when linear agents stall

A straight-line agent is a degenerate graph. Claude Code dynamic workflows move orchestration into JavaScript so subagents fan out, verify, and converge without stuffing every intermediate result into one context window. Here is the 14-step roadmap I map onto production work, with topology diagrams, contracts, and the patterns I already ship.

Jul 22, 202622 min
Read the post
Architecture

The maker is not the verifier: how I build self-improving agent loops without pretending models self-learn

Most teams prompt harder, get a better answer, and start over tomorrow. That is not compounding. Self-learning updates model weights from experience; no public model including Fable 5 does that today. Self-improving means the system gets better: run, log, distill, repeat. The golden rule is maker ≠ verifier. Here is the four-layer architecture and loop patterns I ship.

Jul 9, 202614 min
Read the post
Architecture

How to actually use Fable 5: the four-layer architecture behind Mythos-tier results

Fable 5 is back globally, but most teams use it like a bigger Sonnet: prompt harder, better answer, start over tomorrow. Mythos-tier models need Mythos-tier systems: primitives, orchestration, memory, and self-improvement. The golden rule is maker ≠ verifier. Here is the architecture I draw on every engagement after the July 7 billing cliff.

Jul 7, 202614 min
Read the post
Architecture

Codex Record and Replay turns one demo into a Computer Use skill: how I inspect generated skills before trusting them unattended

Codex app 26.616 adds Record and Replay on macOS: perform a workflow once, Codex packages it into a skill you replay with different inputs. Thread handoff and automation run history ship alongside. Computer Use must be enabled. Here is the review checklist I run before any recorded skill runs unattended.

Jul 3, 202613 min
Read the post
Architecture

Agentic RAG vs vanilla RAG: why a Sufficient Context Agent beats retrieve-then-pray

Google Research shipped Agentic RAG on Gemini Enterprise with a Sufficient Context Agent that refuses to answer when retrieval is incomplete. On factuality benchmarks they report up to 34% higher accuracy versus standard RAG. Here is when one-shot RAG is still enough, when you need iterative retrieval, and how I wire the pattern without blowing latency budgets.

Jun 6, 202614 min
Read the post
Multi-Agent

Inside Recruiting Atelier: a runnable reference for the primitives of an agentic system

A working open studio that vets duplicates, plans the run, screens, scores, shortlists, and notifies. The whole pipeline lives in roughly ninety lines of supervisor code and a tool registry you can read in one sitting. Here is what is inside, why every piece is there, and what you can copy into your own stack.

May 24, 202614 min
Read the post
Architecture

AI agent vs agentic AI: what the distinction actually means when you ship one

Vendors blur the line because "agentic" sells. The two terms describe different architectures, with different cost shapes, different observability needs, and different scoping conversations. Here is the framing I use with clients and the three-question test for which one your project actually needs.

May 22, 202612 min
Read the post
Multi-Agent

Why I am replacing supervisor patterns with handoffs

Supervisors looked clean on paper and shipped slow in production. Handoffs read messier in the code but recover better when an agent loses the plot. Two real systems and where supervisors still earn their keep.

Apr 26, 20268 min
Read the post
Architecture

Three patterns I broke in 2025, and what I do instead now

Self-correction loops without budgets, single-agent solutions to multi-domain problems, and using JSON mode to force structure I should have built into the schema. An honest review.

Mar 14, 20268 min
Read the post
Multi-Agent

Haiku 4.5 made our router 5x cheaper. The trade-off matters

Replacing Sonnet with Haiku in the dispatcher role cut our orchestration cost dramatically. It also cost us in two specific places I did not predict.

Feb 22, 20267 min
Read the post
34 ship-news updates

Latest in Multi-Agent Systems

Tools

Grok 4.6 ships for long-running agents: $2/$6, live in Cursor and Grok Build, matches Sol on AA Intelligence Index

August 12, 2026 · via xAI
Architecture

Claude Code Week 32: cross-session messaging on macOS/Linux, plus Focus view and sandbox credential masking

August 7, 2026 · via Claude Code
Claude

Claude Code self-hosted environments enter public beta on Team and Enterprise

August 6, 2026 · via Anthropic
Research

Field note: Claude cyber-eval incidents are a harness lesson. Prove egress before you raise autonomy

July 31, 2026 · via Jigar Joshi
OpenAI

OpenAI cuts GPT-5.6 Luna 80% and Terra 20%, renames Priority Processing to Fast mode for Sol

July 30, 2026 · via OpenAI
Architecture

Field note: Cursor swarm economics confirm frontier planners + cheap workers beat solo GPT bills

July 29, 2026 · via Jigar Joshi
Tools

Grok 4.5 is now available in GitHub Copilot

July 28, 2026 · via GitHub
Open Source

Moonshot open-sources Kimi K3 weights: 2.8T MoE, 104B active, 1M context, MXFP4 on Hugging Face

July 27, 2026 · via Hugging Face
Tools

Cursor: agent swarm model economics. Frontier planners + Composer 2.5 workers crush solo frontier bills on SQLite-from-docs

July 26, 2026 · via Cursor
Frequently asked

Multi-Agent Systems — the questions teams actually ask

Go deeper on this topic

New breakdowns on this and related agentic AI topics, plus what I am shipping for clients — one email on Thursdays.